Plants control the structure of mycorrhizal and pathogenic fungal communities in soil in a 50-year maize monoculture experiment

Abstract Aims Saprotrophic soil fungi participate in biomass mineralization, inhibit pathogen development and promote plant growth. Pathogens accumulate decrease crop yields. The structure of fungal communities is determined mainly by the organic matter content pH soil. Little known about influence rotation long-term monoculture on saprotrophic that decompose roots residues as sources biomass. Methods Fungal growth (arbuscular mycorrhizal (AMF), yeasts, Trichoderma spp.), cellulolytic pathogenic species were analyzed a 6-year system (maize – spring barley peas winter rapeseed wheat sugar beets) 50-year maize monoculture. DNA was extracted from rhizosphere roots, ITS2 region rDNA high-throughput sequencing. In both treatments, weeds controlled chemically (terbuthylazine + mesotrione s-metolachlor) or mechanically. Results A total 311 identified. biodiversity fungi, particular AMF higher than rotation. Maize pathogens more frequently identified monoculture, whereas genus prevalent Herbicides clearly increased abundance phyla Mucoromycota Mortierellomycota , Mortierella spp. Minimedusa polyspora . abiotic properties affected cropping sequence. carbon (C org ) availability P Mg decreased yields bound strong positive correlation with macronutrients C soil, well weak spp., Conclusions Fungi exert complex ambiguous effect yields, macronutrient strongly decreases long term, sequence considerably influences microbiome which can be reservoir unique minimize negative effects agroecosystems. Graphical